Presentation on the topic "Radiolocation". Our butt. Special theory of visibility Radar presentation

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Zubarev Valeria

The robotic performances have scientific material on the topic "Radiolocation"

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Radar. / Prepared by: Valeria Zubarev, student of grade 11

Radiolocation (from the Latin words "radio" - viprominyu and "lokatio" - roztashuvannya)

Veresni 1922. in the USA, H. Taylor and L. Young carried out further radio communication on decameter cables (3-30 MHz) across the Potomac River. At the same time, a ship passed along the river, and the bell broke off - which made them think about stopping the radio to reveal objects that are collapsing. In 1930, roci Young and his colleague Highland detected a radio wave in the air. Unexpectedly, these warning signs of stench have broken the method of vikoristannya radio wave detection of letaka. The history of the development of radiolocation A.S. Popov in 1897 saw the discovery of radio communication between ships in 1897, revealing a manifestation of radio transmission on board the ship. The radio transmitter was installed on the upper deck of the Europa transport, which was at anchor, and the radio receiver was installed on the cruiser Africa. Under an hour before, if the cruiser “Lieutenant Ilyin” had sunk down between the ships, the fittings were attached to each other, the ship’s docks did not leave the same straight line.

Scottish physicist Robert Watson-Watt first born in 1935 having prompted the radar installation, the building of flying aircraft at the distance of 64 km. Tsya system played a great role for the defense of England in the raids of the German aviation under the hour of Another light war. In the SRSR, the first last record of radio detection of aircraft was carried out in 1934. Promissory release of the first radar stations, adopted by the authorities, rozpochato 1939. (Yu.B. Kobzarev). Robert Watson-Watt (1892 - 1973) The History of Radar

The radar is based on the phenomenon of radio transmission in different objects. Pomіtne vіdobrazhennya mozhlive vіd ob'єktіv іn thіѕ vаdku, yakscho їх їх іх інійні рірірі outweigh the dozhina elektromagnіtі ї vili. That's why radars work in the low-frequency range (10 8 -10 11 Hz). As well as the intensity of the signal that is being signaled ~ ω 4.

Radar Antenna For radiolocation, antennas are installed near parabolic metal mirrors, at the focus of such rotashes, a vibrating dipole. For rahunok іnterferentsії khvil to go to the direction of vipromіuvannya. Won can turn around and change the kut nahely, sending radio waves from different directions. One and the same antenna itself is automatically connected according to the frequency of impulses either before transmission, or before receiving.

Radar robot Transmitting short vibrating pulses of a variable low-frequency stream (pulse duration 10 -6 s, the interval between them is 1000 times more), as if through the antenna, the jumper reaches the antenna and vibrates. In the intervals between vipprominuvannya, the antenna receives a signal from the object, connecting to the input of the receiver. Receiver vikonuє podlennya that processing of the received signal. In the simplest case, the resulting signal is sent to the changeover tube (screen), as if showing an image of synchronization with the antenna swing. The current radar includes a computer, which processes the signals received by the antenna and displays them on the screen with digital and textual information.

S – get to the object, t – hour of the radio pulse extension to the object and back. By changing these coordinates, the speed of the target is determined by the hour and the coverage of the trajectory is determined.

Glibin rozvіdki radіolokatora Mіnіmalna vіdstan on yakіy mozhna viyaviti tsіl (h rozpovsyudzhennya signal tudi i ago Got Buti bіlshoyu abo dorіvnyuє trivalostі іmpulsu) Maximum vіdstan, ale yakіy mozhna viyaviti tsіl (h rozpovsyudzhennya signal tudi i ago not Got Buti bіlshoyu for perіod slіduvannya іmpulsіv) - duration of the impulse T-period of the passage of the impulses

Behind the signals on the screens of radars, air traffic controllers control the flight of airplanes by following the routes, and the pilots accurately determine the height of the sky and outline the weather, they can orient themselves at night and in the folding weather. Aviation

Golovne zavdannya - watch out for the open space, show it to conduct a meta, at times you need to direct air defense and aviation at it. The main stasis of radar is tse PPO.

Krilat missile (unmanned aircraft, one-time launch). The principle of operation of the system of navigation of foundations on the basis of the relief of the specific area of ​​the rocket with reference maps of the relief of the locality for the route of the flight, in front of the riddle about the onboard control system. The radiovisotomir will ensure the safety of the watering in advance of laying the route near the regime of the guiding relief for the accuracy of the height of the sky: over the sea - no more than 20 m, over dry land - from 50 to 150 m (when approaching the snow - drop to 20 m). Correction of the trajectory of the rocket flight on the marching distance is due to the data of the satellite navigation subsystem and the correction subsystem according to the terrain.

"Stealth" technology changes the ability of the enemy to take direction. The top of the litak is made of dozens of thousands of flat tricots, woven from the material, which are well-drained radio chimes. Promin the locator, as it falls, it rises, so. the signal does not turn to a point, the signals are not received (to the enemy radar station). Litak - invisible

One of the most important methods of reducing accidents is to control the speed of traffic on the roads. The first public radars for vimіryuvannya shvidkostі ruhu transport American police officers were already prima facie Other light war. Ninі stinks vikoristovuyutsya have vsіh rozvinenih camps. radar

Meteorological radars for weather forecasting Objects of radar detection can be gloomy, fall, thunderstorms. You can predict hail, anger, squall.

Staying in space At space missions, radars are stationed for flight control and watch over satellites, interplanetary stations, and when ships are docked. The radar of the planets made it possible to clarify their parameters (for example, the appearance of the Earth and the swedishness of the wrapping), the atmospheric conditions, and the mapping of the surface.

What is called radar? What are the manifestations to lie at the base of the radar? Why is the transmitter of the radar installation guilty of vibrating with short-hour pulses through equal intervals? What is the reach of the state of directing the viprominuvannya of the radar? What is the minimum and maximum value for which radar can be used? Fixed.

Why is it good to see the Earth before the Moon, as if a radio location beat a radio pulse turning the Earth after 2.56 s of an ear of yogo parcel? Depending on the valency of the impulse, as it is minimal, on which it can be practised, a radar station of 6 km is given. Trivality of the radio pulse during radiolocation is longer 10-6 s. How many dozhin hvil become one impulse, so the frequency hvil 50 MHz? Fixed. Decommissioning tasks

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Meta: determine the relationship between radio and radar, explain how the radio signal expands. Manager: Z'yasuvati, if the first radio appeared, who is yogo vinaishov. Give the date of the appointment of the radio location and the radio signal. Find out why to lay down the accuracy of vimiryuvannya radiohvil. Take a look at the spheres of radar coverage. Zrobiti visnovok widening the signal. Hypothesis: what can you do with your hands, not knowing the principles of radar?

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And why did it all start? At 1888r. The German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz experimentally developed the basis for electromagnetic waves. Doslidakh vikoristav dzherelo elektromagnitnogo viprominyuvannya (vibrator) and in the distance from the first primal element (resonator) that reacts to the purpose viprominyuvannya. French winemaker Ege. Branly repeating 1890 Hertz's experiments, zastosuvshi more superficial element of the manifestation of electromagnetic waves - a radio conductor. English teaching O. Lodge, having perfected the receiving element and calling yoga a coherer. Vin, having shown himself a glass pipe, filled with a saline thyrsus.

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The coming rock of destruction by the Russian scientist and winemaker Oleksandr Stepanovich Popov. Yogo prilad mav, krim coherer, electric ring with a hammer, like a strushuv pipe. Tse gave the opportunity to receive radio signals that carry information, - Morse code. In fact, with Popov's appointment, the era of creating radio engineering inventions, attached to practical purposes, began. Radio receiver Popova. 1895 Copy. Polytechnic Museum. Moscow. Scheme of Popov's radio receiver

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Oleksandr Stepanovich Popov Born in 1859. In the Urals, near Krasnotur'insk. Started at the pochatkovo spiritual school. Children love to make toys and simple technical additions. After graduating from higher education classes, having entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University. Successfully completed 1882. University, A.S.Popov became a contributor to the Mine officer class in Kronstadt. A good hour of wine is dedicated to physical events and the emergence of electromagnetic coliving. As a result of the numerical additions of wines, the first radio receiver was found. May 7, 1895 Popov zrobiv dopov_d at the meetings of the Russian Physical and Chemical Association. That was the national day of the radio. At 1901r. Popov became a professor at the Petersburg Electrical Engineering Institute, and in 1905. Yogo was chosen as the director of his institute. Yomu had a chance to fight with the royal officials for the demographic rights of students. Tse pіdirvalo the strength of the scientist and vіn raptovo died on 13 September 1906.

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Wait! What radio - not only radiotelephony and radiotelegraphy calls, radio communication and television broadcasting, but also radiolocation, and radio control and a lot of other areas of technology, like viniculation and successful development of the plants of A. S. Popov's prominent winegrower. And what is radar?

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radar

Radiolocation - a manifestation, more precisely, a designation of the misplacement of objects and the presence of objects for an additional radio wave. The signal of the radio wave is an electric chirp of an over-high frequency, which rozpovsyudzhuetsya at the sight of the electromagnetic wave. Shvidkіst radiohvil, then de R - stand up to the mark. Accuracy of the deposit simulation: Form the sounding signal Energy of the beaten signal

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Stopping radar in our hour

Silske and forest state: depending on the type of soil, temperature, and manifestation of fire. Geophysics and geography: structure of earth formation, distribution of transport, searches for mineral resources. Hydrology: growing zabrudnen on top of the water. Oceanography: designing the relief on the surface of the bottom of the seas and oceans. Viiskova on the right is that cosmic accomplishment: the security of benefits, the manifestation of military goals.

The history of the development of radiolocation A.S. Popov in 1897 saw the discovery of radio communication between ships in 1897, revealing a manifestation of radio transmission on board the ship. The radio transmitter was installed on the upper deck of the Europa transport, which was at anchor, and the radio was on the cruiser Africa. Under an hour before, if the cruiser “Lieutenant Ilyin” had sunk down between the ships, the fittings were attached to each other, the ship’s docks did not leave the same straight line. Veresni 1922. in the USA, H. Taylor and L. Young carried out further radio communication on decameter cables (3-30 MHz) across the Potomac River. At the same time, a ship passed along the river, and the bell broke off - which made them think about stopping the radio to reveal objects that are collapsing.

Scottish physicist Robert Watson-Watt first born in 1935 having prompted the radar installation, the building of flying aircraft at the distance of 64 km. Tsya system played a great role for the defense of England in the raids of the German aviation under the hour of Another light war. In the Soviet Socialist Republic, the first radio detection of aircraft was carried out in Promislovy, the release of the first radar stations, adopted for construction, was announced in 1939. Robert Watson-Watt

The radar is based on the phenomenon of radio transmission in different objects. Pomіtne vіdobrazhennya mozhlive vіd ob'єktіv іn razі, yakshcho їх іх іnіynі іrіmіr perevashchuyut dovzhina elektromagnіtї whvili. That is why radars work in the low frequency range (Hz). And also the tension of the vibrated signal ~ ω 4.

Radar Antenna For radiolocation, antennas are installed near parabolic metal mirrors, at the focus of such rotashes, a vibrating dipole. For rahunok іnterferentsії khvil to go to the direction of vipromіuvannya. Won can turn around and change the kut nahely, sending radio waves from different directions. One and the same antenna itself is automatically connected according to the frequency of impulses either before transmission, or before receiving.

S – distance to the object, t – hour of the radio pulse extension to the object and back By changing these coordinates, the speed of the target is determined by the hour and the coverage of the trajectory is determined.

Behind the signals on the screens of radars, air traffic controllers control the flight of airplanes along the routes, and the pilots accurately determine the height of the sky and outline the weather, they can orient themselves at night and in folding weather. Aviation

Rocket control in full autonomy. The principle of operation of the system of navigation of foundations on the basis of the relief of the specific area of ​​the rocket with reference maps of the relief of the locality for the route of the flight, in front of the riddle about the onboard control system. The radiovisotomir will ensure the safety of the watering in advance of laying the route near the regime of the guiding relief for the accuracy of the height of the sky: over the sea - no more than 20 m, over dry land - from 50 to 150 m (when approaching the snow - drop to 20 m). Correction of the trajectory of the rocket flight on the march distance is due to the data of the satellite navigation subsystem and the correction subsystem for the terrain.

"Stealth" technology changes the ability of the enemy to take direction. The top of the litak is made of dozens of thousands of flat tricots, woven from the material, which are well-drained radio chimes. Promin the locator, as it falls, it rises, so. the signal does not turn to a point, the signals are not received (to the enemy radar station). Litak - invisible

One of the most important methods of reducing accidents is to control the speed of traffic on the roads. The first public radars for vimіryuvannya shvidkostі ruhu transport American police officers were already prima facie Other light war. Ninі stinks vikoristovuyutsya have vsіh rozvinenih camps. radar

Staying in space At space missions, radars are stationed for flight control and watch over satellites, interplanetary stations, and when ships are docked. The radar of the planets made it possible to clarify their parameters (for example, the appearance of the Earth and the swedishness of the wrapping), the atmospheric conditions, and the mapping of the surface.

radar

Radiolocation - revealing the exact location of objects for an additional radio wave.

A.S. Popov U 1895 famous Russian teachings Oleksandr Stepanovich Popov, at the walls of the Mine officer class in Kronstadt, made it possible to stop the electromagnet coils for practical purposes, calling without wires. The significance of this opinion, which is one of the greatest achievements of light science and technology, is attributed exclusively to the wide variety of yogo in the necessities of the people's spodar life and all the branches of the Evil Forces. Vinakhid A.S. Popova introduced a new era in the sphere of vikoristannya of electromagnetic waves. It created a message about calls not only between stationary, but also between objects that were collapsing, and at once prepared the ground for low criticality, which allowed for a wide coverage of radio in all the galleys of science and technology.

The history of the creation of radar Scottish physicist Robert Watson-Watt, the first in 1935. By setting up a radar installation, building aircrafts at a distance of 64 km. Tsya system played a great role for the defense of England in the raids of the German aviation under the hour of Another light war. In the SRSR, the first radio detection of aircraft was carried out in 1934. Promises for the release of the first radar stations, adopted on the basis, were announced in 1939 by Robert Watson-Watt

the radar is based on the phenomenon of radio broadcasting from various objects. Pomіtne vіdobrazhennya mozhlive vіd ob'єktіv vіd vіpadku. As a way of translating the dozhina of the electromagnetic wave. Therefore, radars work in the low-frequency range, and also the intensity of the signal

Radar Antenna For radar, antennas are victorious at the parabolic metal mirrors, at the focus of such rota- tions there is a vibrating dipole. For rahunok іnterferentsії khvil to go to the direction of vipromіuvannya. Won can turn around and change the kut nahely, sending radio waves from different directions. One and the same antenna alternately automatically with the frequency of impulses is connected either before transmission, or before receiving

Appointment to the object Knowing the orientation of the antenna at the hour of the detection of the mark, determine the coordinates. By changing these coordinates, the speed of the target is determined by the hour and the coverage of the trajectory is determined.

Radiolocation jamming

Radar to control the speed of traffic to transport One of the most important methods of reducing accidents is to control the speed of traffic on the roads. The first public radars for vimіryuvannya shvidkostі ruhu transport American police officers were already prima facie Other light war. Ninі stinks vikoristovuyutsya have vsіh rozvinenih camps.